In this multi-author, multi-centre publication [1] lead by Denise Wootten and Patrick Sexton from the Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, there is reported a 3.3 Angstrom structure of one of the more unusual G protein-coupled receptors. The CGRP receptor is…
Blog Archives
Hot Topics: Cryo-EM structure of the active, Gs-protein complexed, human CGRP receptor
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot Topics: β-Subunit of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 drives signaling to the nucleus via H-Ras
This paper [1] extends previous studies demonstrating a key role of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels in the modulation of activity-dependent gene transcription. Earlier work in cultured neurons had already shown that L-type channel activity is required to activate gene expression…
Posted in Hot Topics
Database release 2018.4
Our fourth database release of the year, 2018.4, is now available (n.b. the PubChem update statistics and link sets will be posted in a couple of weeks). This update contains the following new features and content changes: Content Updates GPCRs:…
July 2018 News, Updates and Hot Topics
July 2018 News, Updates and Hot Topics Database release 2018.3: Our third database release of the year, 2018.3, is now available. This update contains the following new features and content changes: Updates across several target classes. The existing Antimalarial targets…
Hot Topics: Direct activation of neuronal KV7 channels by GABA and gabapentin – a novel mechanism for reducing neuronal excitability
The potassium channels KV7.2-KV7.5 (KCNQ2-5; GtoPdb target IDs 561-564) regulate neuronal excitability in the mammalian nervous system. The best characterised neuronal KV7 channels give rise to the M current (1) and are mediated predominantly by hetero-tetramers of KV7.2 and KV7.3…
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot topic: New pharmacological tools reiterate lack of direct connection between Angiotensin 1–7 and the MAS1 GPCR
A new type of deorphanization conundrum confronted in pairing the GPCR, MAS1 with the hormonal peptide angiotensin 1–7 (Ang1-7) was emphasised in recent IUPHAR reviews (1, 2). More evidence for disconnection between Ang1-7 and MAS1 is presented in the recent…
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot Topic: Structural details for coupling of the agonist-occupied µ opioid receptor (amongst others) to the Gi protein
Every few years in the field of receptor pharmacology, a technological advance occurs that drives the field forward in terms of insight and understanding. Over the past couple of years, the cryo-EM technique (the development of which won the 2017…
Hot Topic: Systems Medicine, Disease Maps and the future of Systems Biology
What will Systems Biology look like in the future? Up to now, it has focussed on the development of standards, software tools and databases that enabled us to study the dynamics of physiological function mechanistically. However as these tools and…
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot topic: Structure of the adenosine-bound human adenosine A1 receptor–Gi complex
The A1 adenosine receptor is, for most people, a molecular target they can become conscious of when they block it, which happens frequently. Rapid consumption of higher doses of caffeine, in products like Italian espresso or Turkish coffee, provokes a…
Posted in Hot Topics
Database release 2018.3
Our third database release of the year, 2018.3, is now available. This update contains the following new features and content changes: Content updates GPCRs: Adenosine receptors Chemokine receptors Cholecystokinin receptors Dopamine receptors Ghrelin receptors Opioid receptors GPR55 receptors NHRs: MRetinoic…
Commentary on the distinction between Cannabis and cannabinoids
The Cannabis plant is a natural product from which more than 100 apparently unique metabolites (cannabinoids) have been identified. Many of these have been found in human plasma following consumption of Cannabis preparations. The most well-recognised is tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, because…
Posted in Hot Topics, Uncategorized
GtoPdb: Database Status Reports
As some of our contacts may know, we hold hemi-annual meetings between IUPHAR, BPS the GtoPdb team, together with invited guests from our collaborators and NC-IUPHAR committee representatives. Covering ~ 2.5 days these usually take place in Paris or Edinburgh.…
Hot topic (update): from double to triple whammy for BACE1 inhibitors
19 June 2018 update. Announced only about a week after the events described below, yet a third clinical candidate, lanabecestat (AZD-3293, LY3314814) has also bitten the dust (4). The two PhIII trials were stopped because they were deemed unlikely to meet their…
Posted in Hot Topics
Database release 2018.2
Our second database release of the year, 2018.2, is now available. This update contains the following new features and content changes: Content updates GPCRs: 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors Adenosine receptors Adrenoceptors Histamine receptors Opioid receptors Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors Prostanoid receptors NHRs: Mineralocorticoid…
Tagged with: database, GPCRs, ion channels, out-links
Posted in Database updates, Guide to Malaria Pharmacology
Posted in Database updates, Guide to Malaria Pharmacology
Hot topic: Cryo-EM structure of the adenosine A2A receptor coupled to an engineered heterotrimeric G protein
The A2A adenosine receptor is densely expressed in dopamine-rich areas of the brain and in the vasculature. It is the target of an adjunct medication for Parkinson’s Disease, istradefylline in Japan, an A2A receptor antagonist. The A2A adenosine receptor is an example…
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot topic: Conformational plasticity in the selectivity filter of the TRPV2 ion channel
The TRPV2 ion channel is the less well-characterised relative of the TRPV1 or vanilloid receptor that is activated by capsaicin. TRPV2 channels have many similarities to the TRPV1 channels, in that they are homotetrameric and respond to some of the same…
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot topic: 3D structure of the P2X3 receptor bound to a negative allosteric modifier, identifies a binding site that is a target for development of novel therapeutic agents
Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) are of great interest in drug development because they offer improved scope for the production of receptor antagonists with enhanced subtype-selectivity. Indeed, many NAMs are already on the market or undergoing clinical trials. NAMs act by…
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot topic: 3D structures of the closed acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) shed light on the activation mechanism of these neuronal ion channels
ASICs are potential drug targets of interest. Their activation mechanism has however remained elusive. ASICs are neuronal, proton-gated, sodium-permeable channels that are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. They form a subfamily of the Epithelial Na…
Hot topic: Engineered mini G proteins provide a useful tool for studying the activation of GPCRs in living cells
In order to stabilize the GPCR-G protein complex, an agonist must be bound to the receptor and the alpha subunit of the heterotrimer must be in a nucleotide-free state. Ground-breaking work by expert crystallographers made use of so-called mini G…
Hot Topic: Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome
Contemporary drug discovery is dominated by two related themes. The first of these is target validation upon which the sustainability of pharmaceutical R&D (in both the commercial and academic sectors) crucially depends. The second is the size of the pool of human…
GtoImmuPdb: technical update March 2018 – beta-release v3
We are pleased to announce the third, beta-release of the Wellcome Trust-funded IUPHAR Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (GtoImmuPdb). Since our last release in August 2017 we have implemented developments that include disease summary pages, graphical browsing features and extensions and improvements…
Posted in Guide to Immunopharmacology, Technical
Database release 2018.1
The first GtoPdb and GtoImmuPdb beta release of 2018 includes plenty of target and ligand updates as well as announcing some important new features. As always, full content statistics for release 2018.1 can be found on the database about page.…
Hot topic: The G Protein-Coupled Receptors deorphanization landscape.
Within the vast GPCR superfamily, orphans are described as receptors devoid of known endogenous ligands. They have been labeled as 7 transmembrane proteins by sequence homology and dispatched accordingly in the different GPCR subfamilies. They have attracted much attention given…
Hot topic: Pharmacogenomics of GPCR Drug Targets
A system of rigorous clinical trials and regulation exist to ensure that a new drug is safe and effective when reaching the market. However, natural human genetic variation(s) may cause individuals to respond differently to the same medication. A collaboration…
PubMed Commons and Altmetrics
This has been split from an updated older post on Citation profiles for our NAR and Concise Guide papers and this section will be updated soon PubMed Commons In addition to keeping an eye on citations per se we also…
Posted in Uncategorized
Hot topic: Trends in GPCR drug discovery: new agents, targets and indications
New avenues for GPCR drug discovery have emerged owing to recent advances in receptor pharmacology, technological breakthroughs in structural biology and innovations in biotechnology. A collaboration between the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen (home of the…
Impact statements and content subsumation: BPS 2017 follow-up
We were pleased to catch up with many GtoPdb/GtoImmuPdb users, aficionados, friends and affiliates at the BPS Pharmacology 2017 in the QEII Center in London. You can find our presentations and posters on Slideshare. Associated with this presence we have…
Posted in Uncategorized
Database release 2017.6
The sixth and final IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY release of 2017 has been published on 29th November. This release includes new content for the Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY, which is currently still in beta phase. This release includes the following updates…
GtoPdb at Pharmacology 2017
The GtoPdb team will be at the British Pharmacological Society’s flagship meeting, Pharmacology 2017, in London, December 11-13th 2017. We are pleased to have our own stand at this meeting and will be present during the refreshment breaks and poster…
GtoImmuPdb: technical update November 2017
This blog-post will discuss the major developments planned for the Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY as we look ahead to our next beta-release (v3.0) in early 2018. This month, the updated IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY NAR Database Issue has been published online…
Posted in Guide to Immunopharmacology, Technical
Hot topic: Cryo-EM structures of Mucolipin TRP Channels in the Lysosome: Five Together at Once
The mucolipin subfamily of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, which consist of TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3 (a.k.a. MCOLN1- 3), are Ca2+-permeable cation channels localized in intracellular endosomes and lysosomes. In response to cellular stimulation, TRPMLs mediate Ca2+ release from the…
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18
Concise Guide to Pharmacology Simplifies Drug Discovery Research The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 (CGTP), which is produced from a subset of the data contained in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY database, is now available in the British Journal of…
Tagged with: Concise Guide, ligands, pharmacology, Publications, Target nomenclature
Posted in Concise Guide to Pharmacology, Publications
Posted in Concise Guide to Pharmacology, Publications
GtoPdb NAR database issue 2018: Journal to database connectivity and journal to GtoPdb links
The following blog post acts as supplementary data to the 2018 NAR Database Issue Journal to Database connectivity The citation provenance of all entity records and contextual comments selected by the curators and NC-IUPHAR members in GtoPdb is supported by…
Posted in Chemical curation
GtoPdb NAR database issue 2018: PubChem Content
The following blog post acts as supplementary data to the 2018 NAR Database Issue GtoPdb PubChem Content The GtoPdb PubChem integration strategy has been previously outlined (1). Since 2015 we have made nine PubChem submissions for new releases of our…
Posted in Chemical curation, Publications
Hot topic: A new research avenue investigating mitochondrial GPCR biology
As one of the first propositions for GPCRs being present in mitochondrial membranes, a recent report from Robert Friedlander and colleagues [1] follows on from previous work characterising synaptic and extrasynaptic mitochondria in human cortex (post-mortem samples) and their role…
Hot topic: Crystal structure of LPA6, a receptor for lysophosphatidic acid, at 3.2A
Lysophospholipids (LPs) have myriad roles as extracellular signals that activate cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (2). LPs for which receptors have been reported include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) (receptors: LPA1-6), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P1-5), lysophosphatidyl serine (LPS1-3, 2L (2L is a pseudogene…
Hot topic: FZD6 dimers dissociate after stimulation – briefly
GPCRs of all classes are widely thought to form homodimers, heterodimers and higher-order oligomers. The functional significance of dimerization is well understood for Class C receptors but less certain for the other GPCR classes, including the rather unconventional class F…
Hot topics: A cryptic binding pocket in K2P2 exposes new avenues for drug development.
The TREK subfamily of K2P channels (K2P2, K2P4 and K2P10) pass background potassium currents that modulate the excitability of neuronal cells and cardiac myocytes. In recent years, these channels have received significant attention as potential drug targets. This is in…
Posted in Hot Topics
Anti-infective pilot entries
GtoPdb has been traditionally focused on the pharmacology associated with human diseases (i.e. we have not been funded to cover anti-infectives). In 2017 we have been exploring possible funding opportunities to extend into expert curation of anti-infectives, particularly in the…
Posted in Uncategorized
New source cross-references in release 2017.5
(minor updates 15 Sep 2017) The statistics of content are presented as usual in the release notes and The Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY has a separate update. This post describes changes and updates to other resources we provide links to, that…
Database release 2017.5
The 5th IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY database release of 2017 includes updates to several target families, and new targets and ligands added, focusing on those relevant to immunopharmacology. We also announce a new organisation for ligand families and groups. This…
Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY – beta release v2.0, August 2017
We are please to announce the second, beta-release of the Wellcome Trust-funded IUPHAR Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (GtoImmuPdb). Since our first beta-release back in May 2016, we have undertaken a user-testing exercise to gather feedback on the layout, navigation and content…
Posted in Guide to Immunopharmacology, Technical
Hot topics: Agonist-bound crystal structures of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor
Antagonist bound crystal structures of GPCRs are useful in giving an insight into the molecular conformation of a receptor’s inactive state whilst enabling the design of new drugs. However, they prove insufficient to understand the activation mechanism of the receptor…
Hot topics: Identifiers for the 21st century
While identifiers are not a traditional “hot topic” in pharmacology the subject is becoming increasingly important. One of the reasons is that for mechanistic pharmacology the community needs to define (and communicate) identifiers for the key entities of model organism…
Hot topics: X-ray crystal of the apelin receptor
Activation of the apelin receptor by the peptides apelin or Elabela/Toddler mediates vasodilatation and positive inotropic effects in the adult cardiovascular system and knocking out the receptors results in failure of the heart to develop in developing embryos. To date,…
HGNC gene links to GtoPdb
As regular users of GtoPdb will be aware, our target pages include HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) gene symbols, nomenclature and links to HGNC gene pages (Fig 1). HGNC pages in turn link back to GtoPdb target pages under the…
Hot topic: Activity-based protein profiling reveals off-target proteins of the FAAH inhibitor BIA 10-2474
The historical context for this commentary can be found in this blogpost. This latest report, based on activity-based profiling (ABPP), constitutes the first open biochemical investigation of BIA 10-2474 (1). The ABPP results show it inhibits several lipases that are…
Posted in Hot Topics
Hot topic: GPR3 and GPR6, novel molecular targets for cannabidiol
Cannabidiol is a major metabolite from the Cannabis plant, although levels vary dependent on genetic, regional, cultivation and other factors. It lacks the psychotropic nature of THC, but has been reported to have many biological effects, to the extent that…
Hot topic: Selectivity determinants of GPCR–G-protein binding
As a detailed comparative sequence/structure/evolution analysis it is relatively unusual (in a good sense) to see such a bioinformatics article in Nature. This tour de force was a collaboration between MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK and the Department…
Hot topics: Crystal structure of full-length glucagon receptor provides insight into relative orientation of extracellular and transmembrane domains in an inactive conformation and importance of dynamic changes in this orientation for activation
It has been quite challenging to gain high resolution structural insights into an intact class B G protein-coupled receptor, despite previous solution of multiple structures for the two dominant domains, the extracellular domain (ECD) and the transmembrane helical bundle domain…
